Thursday, February 18, 2016

Subsea Pipeline Tie-in

Subsea flowlines are used for the transportation of crude oil and gas from subsea wells, manifolds, off-shore process facilities, loading buoys, S2B (subsea to beach), as well as re-injection of water and gas into the reservoir. Achieving successful tie-in and connection of subsea flowlines is a vital part of a subsea field development.
  1. Vertical Tie-in
Vertical connections are installed directly onto the receiving hub in one operation during tie-in. Since the Vertical Connection System does not require a pull-in capability, it simplifies the tool functions, provides a time efficient tie-in operation and reduce the length of Rigid Spools. Stroking and connection is carried out by the the Connector itself, or by the ROV operated Connector Actuation Tool (CAT) System.
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Vertical Tie-in
Source: FMC Technologies Subsea Tie-in Systems.
  1. Horizontal Tie-in
Horizontal Tie-in may be used for both firstend and second-end tie-in of both flowlines, umbilicals and Jumper spools. The termination head is hauled in to the Tie-in point by use of a subsea winch. Horizontal Tie-in may be made up by Clamp Connectors operated from a Tie-in tool, by integrated hydraulic connectors operated through the ROV, or by non-hydraulic collet connectors with assistance from a Connector Actuation Tool (CAT) and ROV. Horizontal connections leave the flowline/ umbilical in a straight line, and is easy to protect if overtrawling from fishermen should occur.
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Horizontal Tie-in
Source: FMC Technologies Subsea Tie-in Systems.
Each tie-in and connection point require some form of subsea base structure. This base may be on a single well structure, a template, a manifold, or other individual structure such as a Riser Base, a Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM), a Pipeline End Termination (PLET) or an In-line Tee.

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